Isi yose - Premier TDI: Igikoresho co kwubaka gihambaye mu nganda za Polyurethane

Ibirango vy'umubiri n'ivy'imiti

Uko bisa n'akamoto: TDI mu bisanzwe igaragara nk’amazi atagira ibara abonerana canke afise umuhondo mutoyi, ashobora kwaka cane. Isohora akamoto gakomeye, gakomeye kandi kadasanzwe gatera umubabaro, ivyo bikaba bikora nk’ikimenyetso gihambaye c’uko umuntu ashobora gutahura ko ariho.
Ugusenyuka n'Ugusubiza: Ishobora kuvangwa bitagoranye n’ibintu bitandukanye biva mu binyabuzima nk’etanoli (ifise ukubora), etere ya diethylène glycol monoéthyl, etere ya diéthyl, acetone, carbone tetrachlorure, benzène, klorobenzène, kerosene, n’amavuta ya elayo. Kimwe mu biranga imiti yayo ni uko ikorana n'amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho gaze ya carbone. Vyongeye, TDI irashobora gukorana ningoga n’ibintu birimwo atome z’iyidrojene zikora, ivyo bikaba ari ibintu bikoreshwa mu bikorwa vyinshi vy’inganda.
Ibintu nyamukuru bihoraho: TDI ifise ubushuhe bwo guteka bugera nko kuri 247°C, ivyo bikaba ari vyo bigena ubushuhe iva mu mazi ikaja mu mwuka mu gihe c’umuvuduko usanzwe w’ikirere. Igitutu caco co gushonga kiri hagati ya 19,5 na 21,5°C, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ubushuhe bushika munsi y’aho gikomera. Igishushanyo c’umuriro ca TDI ni 127°C, bisobanura ko muri ubwo bushuhe, gishobora gutanga umwotsi ushobora kwaka iyo hariho isoko y’umuriro. Kubera ko ifise uburemere bwa 1.217, irakomeye kuruta amazi, ivyo bikaba bifise ingaruka ku buryo ikoreshwa no gutandukanywa mu bikorwa vy’inganda no mu bidukikije.

Uturere two gukoresha

Uguhingura ifu ya poliuretani: TDI ni ryo buye ry’imfuruka mu guhingura amafu ya polyurethane, akoreshwa cane mu bikorwa vyinshi vy’ubuhinga. Mu bijanye n’ibikoresho vyo mu nzu, amafu ya polyurethane yoroshe akozwe na TDI ni yo ahitamwo mu guhingura ibitanda vyiza kandi bifasha mu bitanda vy’amasofa, mu ntebe z’imbere no mu materasi. Mu bijanye n’imiduga, izo nkoko zikoreshwa mu ntebe z’imiduga, zigatuma umuntu aruhuka kandi akagira umutekano mu gufata ibintu bimutera ubwoba igihe ariko aratwara imodoka. Ikindi, amafu ya polyurethane ashingiye kuri TDI akoreshwa mu bikorwa vyo gukingira ubushuhe, nk’ibikoresho vyo gukingira ubushuhe mu mafiriji no mu bikoresho vy’inyubako, kubera ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukingira ubushuhe.
Ivyo gupfuka n'ivyo kwifatanya: TDI irafise uruhara runini mu guhingura ibikoresho vy’ugupfuka n’ivy’ugufatanya bikora neza cane. Mu bijanye n’ugupfuka ivyuma, TDI - based polyurethanes zikoreshwa mu guhingura ivyuma bikomeye, bidashobora gukororwa, kandi bishobora guhangana n’imiti ku bintu bitandukanye, harimwo ivyuma, amapulasitike, n’ibiti. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa mu guheza imodoka, mu gupfuka hasi no mu gupfuka ibikoresho vy’inganda. Mu isoko ry’ibikoresho bifatanya, TDI - irimwo ibikoresho bifatanya birahabwa agaciro kubera ubushobozi bwavyo bwo gufatanya bukomeye. Bikoreshwa mu gukoranya ibikoresho vyo mu nzu, mu gufatanya ibihimba vy’imodoka, no mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi mu gufatanya ibikoresho bitandukanye vyo kwubaka.
Uguhingura Elastomere: TDI ikoreshwa mu guhingura ivyuma bita polyuréthane, ivyo bikaba bihuza imiterere y’imipira n’ivy’ipulasitike. Izo elastomère zikoreshwa mu bintu vyinshi, nk’aho zikora ibirenge vy’inkweto, aho zituma umuntu ashobora guhindura neza cane, akagumaho kandi akadashobora gukubitwa n’inkuba. Bikoreshwa kandi mu guhingura ibikingira n’ibipfukisho vy’inganda, aho ukuntu bishobora guhangana n’imiti, gushaza be n’ubushuhe bwinshi bituma bishobora gukoreshwa ahantu hakomeye.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura

Inzira za kera zo gutera ivyatsi
2,4 - Inzira y'Imitsi y'Amino: Ivyo bitangura no gufukura 2,4 - amino toluène hanyuma bakayifukura muri klorobenzène. Uwo muti uca ukorana na phosgene mu nzira y’intambwe zibiri. Ica mbere, igikorwa c’ubushuhe buke kiba mu rugero rw’ubushuhe rwa 35 - 45°C. Hanyuma, igikorwa c’ubushuhe bwinshi kiraba ku bushuhe buri munsi ya 130°C. Ivyo bisubizo bimaze kurangira, haca hashirwamwo gazi y’azote kugira ngo ikuremwo klorure y’iyidrojeni itarasubiyemwo n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri birenze urugero. Ico gikoresho citwa chlorobenzene kiraheza kigakurwako, maze intambwe ya nyuma ikaba ari iyo gukurwako ubusa kugira ngo umuntu aronke TDI isukuye.
Inzira ya Nitro Toluene: Muri ubu buryo, nitro toluene ibanza guterwa nitrate hanyuma igabanywa kugira ngo haboneke 2,4 - diaminotoluene. Ico kintu kiri hagati gica gihindurwa phosgénation, aho gikorana na phosgène kugira ngo gikore TDI. Ivyo bivanze vy’ivyo bihimba bica bitunganirizwa kugira ngo bitandukanye kandi bisukure igicuruzwa ca TDI.
Uburyo bundi bushasha
Inzira zitari za Phosgene: Mu myaka iheze, hariho ugutera imbere kw’ugushira umutima ku gutegura uburyo butagiramwo phosgene bwo guhingura TDI mu ntumbero yo kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije zijanye n’ugukoresha phosgene. Nk’akarorero, ubushakashatsi bumwebumwe buriko burarondera uburyo bwo gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gupima n’ingene umuntu akora kugira ngo akore TDI ata nkenerwa y’ivyo bita phosgene. Ariko rero, ubwo buryo buracari mu rwego rwo gutegurwa kandi ntiburashika ku gukoreshwa cane mu vy’ubudandaji.

Ukwirinda

Ivyago vy'ubuzima: Umwotsi wa TDI uratera ingorane nyinshi ku buzima bw’umuntu. Birababaza cane amaso, urukoba n’inzira y’uguhema. Gumara igihe kirekire canke gusubiramwo bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane zikomeye z’amagara, harimwo ingorane zo guhema nk’indwara y’ibihaha, indwara y’umusonga - nk’ibimenyetso, kandi rimwe na rimwe, mbere n’ingorane zikomeye cane nk’indwara y’ibihaha n’indwara y’umutima w’amahaha. Nk’akarorero, imbeba zishizwe mu bihimba vy’umubiri biri hagati ya (0,5 - 1)×10−6 mu kiringo c’amasaha 6 ku musi, mu misi 5 - 10, vyerekanwa ko zishobora gushikirwa n’ingaruka z’ubumara. Mu bantu, guhema ibirungo bishika kuri 0.0005mg/L birashobora gutuma umuntu akorora cane kandi akabura impwemu.

Ivyago vyo kwaka no guturika: TDI ni amazi ashobora kwaka, kandi umwotsi wayo urashobora guhingura ibintu bishobora guturika n’ikirere. Iyo umuntu akoresheje imbeya zifunguye, ibishashi canke ubushuhe bwinshi, hariho ingorane nyinshi zo gusha no guturika. Ku bw’ivyo, uburyo bwiza bwo kubika no gukoresha neza ni ngirakamaro kugira ngo mwene ivyo bibazo ntibibeho.
Ububiko n’Ugukoresha: TDI ikwiye kubikwa mu bubiko bukonje, bufise umwuka mwiza, kure y’umuco w’izuba, aho ubushuhe buva, n’aho umuriro uva. Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubika bitegerezwa gukingirwa neza kugira ngo umwotsi ntusohoke. Kubera ko ishobora gukorana n’amazi be n’ibindi bintu, ikwiye kubikwa itandukanye n’ibikoresho bishobora gukorana na yo, nk’ibintu bitera umwuka. Mu gihe co gufata, ibikoresho bikwiye vyo kwikingira, harimwo amaganzu adashobora guterwa n’imiti, amataratara yo kwikingira, n’ivyo kwikingira guhema, bikwiye kwambarwa kugira ngo umuntu ntabe afise ingorane zo gushikirwa n’iyo ndwara.

Ibisobanuro

Urupapuro rwo kugenzura uburyo