Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): Igikoresho nyamukuru gifise ubumara buke kandi gikora neza cane mu bijanye n'ubuhinga buramba
Imiterere y'umubiri n'ubumenyi bw'ibihimba
Inyungu z'imiterere
Ubumara buke: Kubera LD50 (mu kanwa, imbeba) ya 6400 mg/kg, DMC iratekanye cane kuruta imiti isanzwe itera ubumara (nk’akarorero, dimethyl sulfate, LD50 = 140 mg/kg), ihuye n’itegeko ry’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi REACH ku bihumanya ibihimba bitagumaho.
Inyishu:
Methylation: Itsinda rya methoxy (−OCH3 ) rituma umugwi wa methyl ushobora guhindurwa ata nkomanzi, ugasubirira ubundi buryo butera ubumara.
Ivy’uguhindura ivyuma: Itsinda ry’ivyuma (−CO−) rituma habaho uguhinduranya ester n’uguhindura ivyuma, bikaba bifasha mu gukora ivyuma bitagira phosgène.
Ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka: Kubera ko DMC ifise ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka 3,1, ivanga neza n’inzoga, ama ketone, n’ama estere, mu gihe ishobora gusenyuka mu mazi (1,6 g/100 mL ku 20°C).
Amakuru y'ingenzi y'umubiri
Igishushanyo ca DMC gifise ubushuhe bwa 90,5°C kituma gishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’ubushuhe buringaniye no mu gusubirana kw’ibinyabuzima, bisaba inguvu nkeyi 30% kuruta ibikorwa bishingiye kuri benzene. Uburemere bwayo buke (0.664 mPa・s) buratuma ubushobozi bwo gutemba bugenda neza mu bikorwa nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’amabateri ya litiyumu, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo guhinduka umwotsi bugera kuri 363 kJ/kg butuma habaho ibipimo vy’ukwuma biringaniye ku bikoresho vyo gupfuka n’ivyo kwifatanya. Iciyumviro: Uburemere bwayo bwo guturika (3,1–20,5% vol) bukeneye uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka 防爆 (bushobora guturika).
Ibikorwa bitandukanye vy'inganda
Ivyatsi bishasha
Uguhingura ivyuma vyinshi (PC):
Uburyo butagira phosgene: DMC ikorana na bisphenol A (BPA) biciye mu guhindura ivyuma kugira ngo ivyare diphenyl carbonate (DPC), iyo na yo igaca ihinduka PC. Ubwo buryo buratuma atome ikora neza gushika ku bice 92% (ugereranije n’ibice 65% ku nzira za kera za phosgene) kandi bukakuraho ibintu bitera ubumara.
Ivyo bikoresho bikora: Ivyuma biva muri PC bitanga ubushobozi bwo guca umuco ≥90%, ubushuhe bwo guhindura ubushuhe bugera kuri 135°C, n’ubushobozi bwo gutera 10% kuruta PC ikomoka kuri phosgene, ikoreshwa mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none no mu bipfukisho vy’amatara y’imodoka.
Imiti n'imiti y'uburimyi:
Ivyiyumviro vy’Iterambere ry’Imitsi: Isubirira dimethyl sulfate mu gukora imiti y’umutima n’imitsi (nk’akarorero, nifedipine) n’imiti igabanya indwara y’umutima (nk’akarorero, sertraline), igatuma umusaruro utera imbere n’ibice 15–20% hakoreshejwe methanol nk’ikirungo conyene.
Ikoreshwa rya Carbonylation: Ikoreshwa mu guhingura carbaryl (imiti yica udukoko) kugira ngo HCl ntiyigere igira ubumara, igabanura ibiciro ku rugero rwa 25%.
Inguvu n'ibikoresho bishasha
Ivyuma vy'umuyagankuba vya bateri ya litiyumu:
DMC ivanze n’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba (EC) n’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba (EMC), irema ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba biringaniye bifise ubushobozi bwo gutwara ivyuma bishika kuri 1,2 mS/cm. Ivyo bituma ubuzima bwa bateri bugera incuro 1.200 (ubushobozi bwo kugumya ≥85%), bikaba bihuye n’Itegeko ry’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ryerekeye amabateri (2023/0051) kubera ubumara buke. Yaramaze kwemerwa mu guhingura amabateri ya Tesla 4680.
Ibikoresho bishobora kubora:
Ivyo bikoresho bishingiye kuri DMC bifatanywa n’ivyuma bita propylene oxide kugira ngo bibe polypropylene carbonate (PPC), bifata 40% vya CO2 maze bikabora mu mezi 6–12, bikaba bifasha mu gutorera umuti imyanda y’amapulasitike mu bikoresho vyo ku meza bikoreshwa rimwe gusa no mu mafilime y’uburimyi.
Ivyo gupfuka n'ivyo kwifatanya
Ivyo gusukura ibidukikije: Bisubirira toluene/xylene mu marangi y’imodoka OEM, bishika ku VOC ≤50 g/L (biri munsi cane y’ingingo mfatirwako za GB 24409-2020). Igihe co kwuma kigabanywa kikaja ku masaha 2, uburemere bwa film bukagera kuri 2H.
Ivyuma bifatanya ibikoresho bitagira Formaldehyde: Bikoreshwa mu gufatanya ibikoresho, ivyuma bifatanya ivyuma bikoreshwa na DMC bifise formaldehyde ≤0.01 mg/m3 (E0 grade), bifasha IKEA kugabanya ivyuka bitera formaldehyde n’amatoni 500+ ku mwaka.
Inyungu z'ibidukikije n'ingorane z'ubuhinga
Ivyiza vy'ubuzima buramba
Ubutunzi bwa Atome: Ibintu biva muri methanol birashobora gusubirwamwo biciye mu gukuraho amazi, bikagabanya umuzigo wa COD mu mazi mabi ku rugero rwa 70% ugereranyije n’uburyo bwa kera.
Carbon Capture: Ivyuma bitagira phosgene PC bigabanya ikirenge ca carbone ku rugero rwa 45%, mu gihe toni yose ya DMC ikoreshwa ikoresha toni 0,6 za CO2 iva mu gazi y’umuyagankuba, igafasha CCU (ugufata carbone no kuyikoresha).
Imipaka y'ubuhinga bushasha
Kugabanya igiciro: Uburyo bwo gukora CO2 butaziguye (bukoresheje methanol, CO2, n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa na Pd) buragabanya igiciro c’ibikoresho vya mbere ku rugero rwa 30%, uruganda rwa Sinopec rwo gupima rukaba rushika ku rugero rw’ibilotoni.
Ultra-Purity Solutions: Ubuhinga bwo gutandukanya-gufata ivyuma bushika ku DMC y’urugero rw’ubuhinga bwa none ifise ions z’ivyuma ≤1 ppb n’ubusuku ≥99.999%, buhuye n’ingingo ngenderwako za SEMI C87 zo gusukura ivyuma bifata umuriro.
Ivy’ugutwara ibintu bitekanye: DMC (ipfutse mu bipande vy’amazi bita SiO2) iraduza umuriro kugera kuri 60°C, yemejwe na TÜV Rheinland ku bijanye n’umutekano wo gutwara ibintu.
Ibisobanuro
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | Asidi ya poropiyonike | |||||||||
| Formule y'imiti | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Uburemere bw'amamolekule | 74,08 g/moli | |||||||||
| Isura | Ubuzima bubonerana butagira ibara | |||||||||
| Ikibanza co gushongera | -20.8°C | |||||||||
| Intumbero yo guteka | 141.1°C | |||||||||
| Ubunini | 0,993 g/santimetero | |||||||||
| CAS OYA | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kode ya HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS OYA | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Gusaba | Ikoreshwa mu mapulasitike, mu miti, mu vyo kurya, mu bikoresho vyo gusukura no mu mibavu | |||||||||
Urupapuro rwo kugenzura uburyo
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | Asidi ya poropiyonike | ||||||
| UMUTWE | AGACIRO KAGEZWE (%) | AGACIRO K'IKIGERAGEZO (%) | |||||
| Ibirimwo aside ya propiyonike, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Uburemere (20/20°C) | 0,993-0,997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Ububiko bwo guteka/°C | 138,5-142,5 | 139,4-141,1 | |||||
| Ibisigarira vy'umwuka,w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Amazi,w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehide,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| guhindura umwuka w'ikirere vyoroshe,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/ikiro≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Nk'uko mg/ikiro≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Iciyumviro | Kubahiriza ingingo ngenderwako zo muri GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Ni kuki twohitamwo DMC yacu?
Inkomezi zine z'ingenzi
Ivyemezo vy'ubusuku:
Uburyo bwacu bwo guhindura amazi buhoraho n’uguhindura amazi gatatu buratanga DMC y’urugero rw’inganda (≥99,5%) n’iy’urugero rw’ubuhinga bwa none (≥99,99%), ifise methanol ≤100 ppm. Ikibazo: Umukiriya w’amabateri akoresheje DMC yacu yarashitse ku 98,7% vy’ubushobozi bwa mbere bwo gucapura no gukuraho (inganda avg. 95%).
Ubushobozi bwo guhindura:
Ivyiyumviro vy’agaciro k’aside (≤0,001 mgKOH/g), ubukonje (≤50 ppm), n’ivy’amazi (≤5 ppm). Nk’akarorero, twateguye DMC y’aside nto cane (0,0005 mgKOH/g) yo gukora imiti ishobora gukoreshwa n’aside.
Ubutunzi buzunguruka:
Ibiva muri methanol bisubirwamwo bikagira syngas (CO+H2) kugira ngo hakorwe DMC, bikaba bishika ku 95% vy’ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho no kugabanya CO2 n’amatoni 3 kuri toni ya DMC. Ivyo gupfunyika imyanda bisukurwa biciye ku CO2 ikomeye cane kugira ngo 95% bisubire gukoreshwa.
Ivyubahiriza kw'isi yose:
Ihuye n’amategeko ya GB/T 1628-2020, ASTM D7056, na JIS K 1551. Ivyandiko vya GHS n’ivya MSDS bihuye n’ibisabwa mu karere (nk’akarorero, BIS y’Ubuhindi, INMETRO y’Ubuhindi), bikaba bishoboza gusohoka mu masaha 72.
Ubutsimvyi bw'ubuhinga buramba
Dimethyl Carbonate iriko irahindura inganda biciye mu mico yayo "itagira ubumara, ikora neza, kandi ishobora gusubirwamwo". Twiyemeje gukoresha uburyo bushasha n’imiti idakoresha cane umuyagankuba, dutanga infashanyo kuva ku bikoresho vya mbere gushika ku bikorwa. Guhitamwo DMC yacu bisigura gukorana n’ubuzima buramba—aho itosi ryose rituma habaho ukugabanya ubuhumane, ugukoresha neza inguvu, n’ugutera imbere kw’ubuhinga, hamwe tukagira akazoza k’imiti y’ivyatsi bitotahaye.