Bisphenol A (BPA): Ni yo yubaka ibikoresho bikora neza cane

Isesengura ry'imbere ry'imiterere y'ishimikiro y'umubiri n'imiti

Ubuhinga bwihariye bwa molecule: Igitera BPA gifise imigwi ibiri y’ivyuma bita phenolic hydroxyl bifatanye n’umubiri w’ivyuma bita propane. Ivyo bihimba biyiha igikorwa kidasanzwe c’imiti. Ivyo bice bibiri vy’amazi bita phenolic hydroxyl bituma BPA igira ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’ibintu bitandukanye. Muri ico gihe nyene, igihimba c’umubiri citwa propane kiratuma iyo molecule igira urugero runaka rw’ugukomera n’intambamyi, ivyo bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku guhitamwo no ku bikorwa vya BPA mu bikorwa bitandukanye vy’imiti.

Ibiranga umubiri: BPA ifise ubushuhe bwo gushonga buri hagati ya 158 - 159°C, ubushuhe bwo guteka bugera kuri 400,8°C, n’uburemere bwayo bugera kuri 1,195g/cm3. Ivyiyumviro vyayo vyinshi vy'ugushonga n'uguteka bituma igumaho mu bushuhe busanzwe n'umuvuduko, mu gihe uburemere bwayo bukwiye bufise uruhara mu bikorwa bisaba uburemere bw'ibikoresho vyihariye, nk'ugutegura amapulasitike amwamwe n'amarezine, aho uburemere bw'ibiranga BPA bushobora kugira ico bukoze ku mico y'umubiri n'uguhingura igicuruzwa ca nyuma. Ishobora gusenyuka gatoyi mu tetrachloride ya carbone, ntabwo ishobora gusenyuka mu mazi, ariko ishobora gusenyuka mu binyabuzima bitandukanye bisanzwe, kandi iyo nzira y’ugusenyuka ni yo igena igikorwa cayo co gusubiza hamwe n’uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu binyabuzima bitandukanye.

Ibikoresho vy'ingenzi mu mice myinshi

Gukora amapulasitike n'amaresine:
Uguhingura ivyuma vy’ivyuma (PC): BPA ni co gikoresho nyamukuru co guhingura ivyuma vy’ivyuma (PC). Polycarbonate igaragara cane mu bikorwa vyinshi kubera uburyo bwiza cane bwo kubona (ubushobozi bwo guca umuco burenga 90%), ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bikomeye (incuro 250 - 300 z’ibirahuri bisanzwe), ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingero nziza, n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushuhe (ubushuhe bwo guhindura ubushuhe bushika kuri 130 - 140°C). Mu bikorwa vy'ubuhinga bwa none n'amashanyarazi, PC ikoreshwa cane mu guhingura ibipfukisho vya mudasobwa, amatelefone ngendanwa, n'ibindi bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none, ivyo ntibitanga gusa uburinzi bwizewe ku bihimba vy'imbere vy'ukuri ariko kandi bituma ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n'isoko kubera ukuntu bisa neza n'ukuntu bimeze neza. Mu bijanye n’imiduga, PC ikoreshwa mu gukora ibipfukisho vy’amatara y’imiduga, ibikoresho vyo mu modoka be n’ibindi bihimba. Ivyo bipfukisho vy’amatara vy’imbere bituma umuntu ashobora guca umuco mw’ijoro, mu gihe ukuntu ibikoresho biguma bimeze neza bituma ibihimba bishobora gukoranirizwa hamwe neza kandi bikaba bishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi, amatara y’umuco w’izuba akozwe na PC, amatara y’amatara, n’ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa cane mu nyubakwa za bose nk’amasoko manini manini n’ibibuga vy’imikino kubera ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n’ingaruka n’uguca umuco, bikaba bituma haba ahantu heza ho mu nzu hakeye kandi hatagira umutekano.

Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma: BPA na yo ni ikintu nyamukuru co gutegura ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ivyuma bita epoxy birafise ubushobozi bwo kwifatanya neza cane kandi birashobora gufatanya neza ibikoresho bitandukanye nk’ivyuma, ibiti n’ibirahuri, ni co gituma bifise ikibanza gihambaye mu bijanye no kwifatanya. Mu bijanye n’indege, ivyuma bifatanya ibihimba vy’indege bikoreshwa mu gufatanya ibihimba vy’indege kugira ngo indege ibe nziza kandi itekanye mu bihe bigoye vy’indege. Muri ico gihe nyene, amaresine ya epoxy arafise ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’imiti be n’ubushobozi bwo kwikingira kandi arakoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vyo gupfunyika n’ivyo gupfuka. Nk’akarorero, amabarabara y’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none akenshi arapfukwa n’ivyuma bita epoxy kugira ngo ibihimba vy’ubuhinga bwa none ntibisenyuke ibidukikije vyo hanze, kandi bituma ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none biguma bikomeye kandi bikamara igihe kirekire. Mu bijanye n’ugupfuka, ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyitwa epoxy resin coatings birakoreshwa mu gukingira ivyuma, bishobora guhangana neza n’ugusenyuka kw’ibintu vy’imiti nk’aside n’ivyuma vy’amazi, kandi bikamara igihe kirekire ibikoresho vy’ivyuma.

Ibindi bikoresho vyiza vy'imiti:
Ivyuma bigabanya umuriro: Ivyuma bigabanya umuriro nk’ivyo bita tetrabromobisphenol A bishobora gukorwa bivuye kuri BPA. Kwongerako ibintu bishobora gutuma umuriro udasha ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu bikorwa nk’ivy’amapulasitike n’ivy’impuzu. Mu bikoresho vy’amapulasitike, ibintu bizibira umuriro birashobora kugabanya neza umuriro w’ibikoresho. Iyo umuntu ashikiwe n’isoko y’umuriro, iyo gazi iboze idashobora kwaka canke igice c’umuyagankuba cakozwe n’ibintu bishobora gutuma umuriro udasha, birashobora kubuza umwuka w’ikirere n’ubushuhe guca mu muriro, bigatuma n’umuriro udashobora gukwiragira. Nk’akarorero, kwongerako ibintu bizibira umuriro ku bipfukisho vy’amapulasitike vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none be n’ivy’umuyagankuba birashobora kugabanya cane ingorane z’umuriro no kurinda ubuzima n’itunga ry’abantu. Mu mpuzu, gukoresha ibintu bishobora gutuma impuzu zidashobora gusha iyo zihuye n’isoko y’umuriro, kandi bikagabanya ingorane ziterwa n’uguturika kw’impuzu mu muriro.

Ivyo gukingira umubiri n’ivyo gukingira ubushuhe: BPA irashobora gukoreshwa nk’ivyo gukingira umubiri n’ivyo gukingira ubushuhe mu bikoresho bimwebimwe vy’amapulasitike n’ivy’imipira. Mu gihe co gutunganya amapulasitike, ibintu nk’ubushuhe bwinshi n’umwuka w’ikirere birashobora gutuma amapulasitike asaza bitagoranye kandi akabora, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku mikorere y’ibintu no ku buzima bw’ibikoresho. Nk’umuti urwanya ivyuka bitera umubiri, BPA irashobora gufata ibintu bitagira ubuzima biri mu bihimba vy’umubiri, ikabuza uruhererekane rw’uguhinduka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri, kandi igatuma ibihimba vy’umubiri bidakura. Muri ico gihe nyene, nk’ikintu gihagarika ubushuhe, BPA irashobora gutuma amapulasitike aguma ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi kandi igakingira amapulasitike kubora, guhindura ibara, n’izindi ngorane mu gihe co gutunganya canke gukoreshwa. Mu bikoresho vy’imipira, BPA na yo nyene irashobora kugira uruhara nk’urwo, igatuma imipira ishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe n’umwuka w’ikirere (oxygène) kandi igatuma ibikoresho vy’imipira nk’amapine y’imodoka n’ibipfukisho vy’imipira bimara igihe kirekire.

Intambara z'umutekano n'inyishu z'inganda

Gutohoza ingaruka mbi ku buzima: BPA irafise urugero runaka rw’ubumara buke kandi irashobora kwimuka no guhinduka mu bidukikije no mu mubiri w’umuntu. Ivyigwa vyinshi vyerekanye ko BPA ifise ingaruka nk’iza estrogen kandi ishobora guhungabanya umubiri w’umuntu. Cane cane ku bana b’inzoya, iterambere ry’imitsi yabo y’imyororokere rishobora guhungabana, bikajana ku ndwara zijanye n’imitsi y’imyororokere. Muri ico gihe nyene, BPA irashobora kandi gutuma umuntu adashobora gufata insuline, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu agira ingorane z’amagara nk’isukari nyinshi mu maraso be n’umuvyibuho urenze urugero. Ivyigwa bimwebimwe vyakozwe ku bikoko vyerekanye ko ibikoko vy’igerageza vyamara igihe kirekire bikoreshwa na BPA bifise ubushobozi bwo gukura mu buryo budasanzwe mu bihimba vy’irondoka be n’uguhinduka kw’inyifato. Naho ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za BPA ku buzima bw’umuntu bukiriho, ibihugu vyinshi vyarafashe ingingo zo kubuza ikoreshwa rya BPA mu bikoresho vyihariye kubera amaganya y’ingaruka mbi ku buzima.

Ingamba z’inganda n’Iterambere ry’Ukurikiza Amategeko: Kubera ko hariho impaka zijanye n’umutekano wa BPA, ibihugu vyinshi n’uturere twinshi two kw’isi yose vyarakurikiranye gushiraho amategeko ajanye n’ivyo kugira ngo bibuze gukoresha iyo miti. Mu mwaka w’2011, Minisitere y’ubuzima y’Ubushinwa be n’izindi nzego zitandatu zasohoye itegeko ryo kubuza gukoresha BPA mu guhingura, mu kwinjiza mu gihugu no mu kugurisha amacupa y’amata y’abana bato. Ibihugu n’uturere nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada be n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi na vyo nyene vyarakurikiranye guhagarika ikoreshwa rya BPA mu gupfunyika ibifungurwa, mu bikoresho vy’abana bato no mu bindi bikorwa. Kubera ivyo bisabwa n’amategeko, iyo nganda iriko irarondera cane ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha BPA, nka bisphenol S (BPS) na diphenyl sulfone. Muri ico gihe nyene, amashirahamwe akora ibicuruzwa arabandanya gutuma uburyo bwo guhingura ibintu bugenda neza no gukomeza ubugenzuzi bw’uburyo kugira ngo bigabanye igitigiri c’ibinyabuzima biva mu bindi bihugu vyitwa BPA no gushitsa ingingo ngenderwako zigenda zirushiriza gukomera be n’ibisabwa n’abaguzi ku bijanye n’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa ku ciyumviro co kumenya neza ko ibicuruzwa bikora neza. Mu nzira yo guhingura amaresine ya polycarbonate na epoxy, amashirahamwe aratuma BPA ihinduka neza kandi akagabanya amasigarira ya BPA ataco akora mu bicuruzwa mu gutuma ibintu bigenda neza no gutuma uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bugenda neza.

Ibisobanuro

Urupapuro rwo kugenzura uburyo

Ni kuki duhitamwo BPA yacu?

Twiyemeje gutanga ibintu vy’agaciro kanini kandi bikomeye vy’ubuhinga bwa BPA. Ihuriro ryose kuva ku kugura ibikoresho vya mbere gushika ku guhingura no gutunganya rikurikije uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura uburyo kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bibe bifise ubusuku bwinshi, ubuhumane buke, kandi ibimenyetso vyose bibe bihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako zihambaye z’inganda. Turafise umugwi w’abahinga mu vy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ushobora gutanga inyishu zihuye n’ivyo abakiriya bakeneye bitandukanye kugira ngo bafashe abakiriya gushika ku buhinga bushasha n’iterambere mu bikorwa nk’ivy’amapulasitike, amaresine, n’imiti myiza. Muri ico gihe nyene, turafise ubushobozi bwo gucunga neza uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho kugira ngo tubone ko ibikoresho bishika ku gihe kandi bishikamye kugira ngo bishobore gushitsa ivyo abakiriya bakeneye mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu vyinshi. Mu bijanye n’impaka z’umutekano wa BPA, twitwararika cane ivyerekeye amategeko, tukabandanya gushiramwo amahera mu bikoresho vy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, kandi tugateza imbere uguhindura neza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu kugira ngo abakiriya bashobore kuronka ibintu vyubahiriza amategeko kandi vyizewe.

Hitamwo BPA yacu, mufatanye amaboko kugira ngo mukomeze gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ibikoresho bikora neza cane, muhangane n’ingorane, kandi mushireho agaciro kanini.