Bisfenoli A/BPA Bisfenoli A (BPA) Urupapuro rwerekeye igicuruzwa
Incamake y'igicuruzwa
Incamake y'igicuruzwa
Izina ry'igicuruzwa: Bisphenol A (Incamake: BPA)
Uburyo bw'imiti: C15H16O2
Igitigiri ca CAS: 80-05-7
Igitigiri ca EINECS: 201-245-8
Igitigiri c’ibintu: Ivyuma vy’amavuta; Ibirungo vy'ibinyabuzima
Uko bisa: Amabuye y’agaciro yera ameze nk’urushinge canke ifu yera nziza (ivy’inganda bishobora gusa n’ibintu bikomeye vy’ubutare)
Ibiranga umubiri n'imiti
| Umutungo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Uburemere bw'amamolekule | 228,29 g/moli |
| Ikibanza co gushongera | 158-159 °C (316-318 °F) |
| Intumbero yo guteka | 220 °C (428 °F) ku 4 mmHg (ubusa) |
| Ubunini | 1.195 g/santimetero 25 °C) |
| Ugusenyuka | Ntishobora gusenyuka mu mazi; bishobora gusenyuka mu binyabuzima (nk’akarorero, etanoli, asetone, benzène, toluène, na asetate ya etile) |
| Akarongo k'umuco | 227 °C (igikombe gipfutse) |
| Gushikama | Ihagaze neza mu bushuhe n’umukazo bisanzwe; bishobora gushikirwa n’umuco w’izuba (UV) (bishobora gusenyuka canke guhindura ibara iyo umuntu amaze igihe kirekire akoresheje umuco w’izuba); kwirinda gukorana n’ibintu bikomeye bitera umwuka, aside be n’ibintu bitera umwuka |
Ibikoresho nyamukuru
Bisphenol A ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu guhingura ibintu bikora neza cane be n’ibikoresho vyo mu nganda, kikaba gifise ibi bikurikira:
Ugukora amapulasitike y'ivyuma vyinshi (PC)
Kubera ko ari co gikoresho nyamukuru co gukoresha mu gukora amapulasitike ya PC, BPA irashoboza guhingura ibintu bidashobora gusenyuka, bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe nk’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (laptops, smartphones), ibihimba vy’imodoka (ibipfukisho vy’amatara, ibipande vyo mu nzu), n’ibikoresho vyo gukorana n’ibifungurwa (bitegekanijwe kugira ngo bibe vyiza mu turere twinshi).
Epoxy Resine Ihuriro
Ikoreshwa mu guhingura amaresine ya epoxy yo gupfuka (nk’akarorero, ivyuma vy’imbere mu bikoni, ivyuma vy’inganda birwanya uburozi), ivyuma bifatanya (ivyuma bifatanya n’ibintu bikomeye cane vyo mu kirere no mu vy’ubwubatsi), n’ibikoresho vyo kwikingira umuyagankuba (ibipande vy’amashanyarazi, ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi).
Ibindi Bikoreshwa mu Nganda
Ibikoresho vya mbere vy’amapolyols ya polyether (akoreshwa mu mafomu ya polyurethane).
Ivyongera mu bikoresho vy’amapulasitike, ivy’ugukingira umuriro, n’ivy’uguhagarika UV ku bikoresho vy’amapolymere.
Igihugu co hagati mu gukora imiti yihariye (nk’akarorero, antioxydants, irangi).
Ivyagezwe vy'uburyo
Ibintu vyacu vya Bisphenol A bihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako z’inganda n’umutekano zo kw’isi yose, bifise ibimenyetso vy’ubusuku n’ubuhumane bimenyerewe nk’uko bikurikira:
| Urutonde | Igitigiri c'inganda (Ikisanzwe) | Ikigero c'Igikoresho (Ubusuku Burengeye) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubusuku (HPLC) | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.8% |
| Ibirimwo ubukonje | ≤ 0,1% | ≤ 0,05% |
| Ivu ry'ibirimwo | ≤ 0,01% | ≤ 0,005% |
| Ivyuma bikomeye bihumanye (Pb, Cd, Hg) | ≤ 10 ppm | ≤ 1 ppm |
| Ibisigarira vya Fenoli | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0,05% |
Ivyiyumviro bihuye n’ivyo umuntu akeneye biraboneka ku bijanye n’ivyo inganda zikeneye (nk’akarorero, ivyicaro vy’ubuhumane buke vyo guhingura ibikoresho bikorana n’ibifungurwa).
Amabwirizwa yo kubika no gukoresha
Kugira ngo ibintu bibe bikomeye kandi bibe bitekanye, kurikiza ibi bisabwa vyo kubika no gukoresha:
Ivyangombwa vyo kubika
Ubushuhe: Bibike ahantu hakanye kandi humye ku bushuhe bwa 15–25 °C; kwirinda ubushuhe bukaze (>30 °C) canke ubukonje (
Umuco: Koresha ibikoresho bitaboneka (nk’akarorero, amacupa y’ibirahuri vy’inzobe, ingoma z’ipulasitike za HDPE zifise uburinzi bw’imishwarara y’izuba) kugira ngo ntihagire ivyonona bitewe n’imishwarara y’izuba.
Ubukonje: Gukomeza ubukonje buringaniye
Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashireko ikidodo
Gumana ibikoresho bipfutse neza inyuma y’ugukoresha kwose kugira ngo ntibinywe ubukonje kandi ntibihumanye. Irinde gukoresha uburyo bwo gukingira igihe gito (nk’akarorero, gupfuka ivyuma) bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ubuhumane bw’umusaraba.
Ukwirinda
Ambara ibikoresho vyo kwikingira (PPE): Igipfukisho c’inkungugu, amaganzu adashobora guterwa n’imiti, n’amataratara y’umutekano igihe ukoresha (na cane cane ku bikoresho vy’ifu/ivy’ubutare).
Gusohora umwuka: Nubone ko umwuka ugenda neza mu bibanza vyo kubikamwo no mu bibanza bikoreshwamwo kugira ngo ntihagire inkungugu canke umwotsi wirundanira.
Gufata amazi yamenetse: Gusukura amazi yamenetse ukoresheje ibintu bitagira ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi (ivu ry’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi, carbone activé); guta imyanda hakurikijwe amategeko agenga imiti itera akaga yo mu karere.
Kubahiriza amategeko
Amategeko yo kw’isi yose: Ahuye n’Itegeko ry’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu vy’Uburayi (Umugereka XVII) ryerekeye BPA mu bikoresho bikorana n’ibifungurwa (nk’akarorero, bibujijwe mu macupa yo kugaburira abana bato).
FDA yo muri Amerika: Ihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako za FDA zijanye n’ikoreshwa rya BPA mu bipfukisho n’ibipfukisho bikorana n’ibifungurwa (21 CFR 175.300).
Ivyagezwe vy’Ubushinwa: Bihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako y’umutekano ya GB 4806.6 (ivyagezwe vy’umutekano ku bikoresho vy’ipulasitike bikorana n’ibifungurwa).
Gupfunyika n'ubuzima bwo ku ruhande
Amahitamwo yo gupfunyika:
Igitigiri c’inganda: Imifuko y’ipulasitike y’ibiro 25 ya HDPE (ifise ibipfukisho vy’imbere vy’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama) canke ingoma z’ibiro 500 z’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama (zifise ibipfukisho vy’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama).
Igitigiri c’ibikoresho: amacupa y’ibirahuri y’ibara ry’agahama y’ikiro 1 (yapfutswe n’ibipfukisho vy’ibara ry’agahama).
Igihe co kubika: amezi 24 kuva kw’igenekerezo ry’uguhingura (iyo ibitswe hakurikijwe ivyo twavuze haruguru, itafunguwe).
Urupapuro rwo gusuzuma uburyo bwa Bisphenol A
| Isesengura | Ishami | Ibisobanuro | Umwimbu | Uburyo bwo kugerageza |
| Isura | / | Umweru w'intete canke w'ibipande, Ata bihumanye vy'ubuhinga | Ubutare bwera, Ata buhumane bw'ubuhinga | 28113-2011 |
| Bisfenoli A | Mu/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | 28113-2011 |
| Fenoli | Mu/% | ≤0,005 | 0.001 | 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Izomere | Mu/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | 28113-2011 |
| Akarongo k'ikibiriti | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | 28113-2011 |
| Ibara ry'umuhondo | Ibara, Pt-Co (Igice ca Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | 28113-2011 |
| Umuti Chroma | Ibara, Pt-Co (Igice ca Hazen) | / | 5 | 28113-2011 |
| Ubushuhe | Mu/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | 6283-2008 |